from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Optional, overload, TypeVar, Union

_T = TypeVar('_T')
_S = TypeVar('_S')

@overload
def first(iterable: Iterable[_T]) -> Optional[_T]: ...
@overload
def first(iterable: Iterable[_T], default: _S) -> Union[_T, _S]: ...
@overload
def first(iterable: Iterable[_T], default: _S, key: Optional[Callable[[_T], Any]]) -> Union[_T, _S]: ...
@overload
def first(iterable: Iterable[_T], *, key: Optional[Callable[[_T], Any]]) -> Optional[_T]: ...