From d5d614eba29085f09dea5b5b4e7d11ff187b1400 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: AJ ONeal Date: Tue, 15 Sep 2020 18:42:27 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] make WSL cheat sheet much nicer --- wsl/README.md | 127 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 91 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-) diff --git a/wsl/README.md b/wsl/README.md index f7bb8ef..a9dd86a 100644 --- a/wsl/README.md +++ b/wsl/README.md @@ -1,53 +1,83 @@ --- -title: WSL (Complete) -homepage: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl2-index +title: WSL + Linux +homepage: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions tagline: | - WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) runs a true Linux kernel via Hyper-V virtualization. + WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) lets you run Linux seemlessly on Windows. --- ## Read Carefully! -1. WSL is a **system** service which **requires Admin privileges** to install. -2. A **System Reboot** is **required** before WSL can be used. -3. Not all systems can use WSL 2, so **WSL 1** is the **default**. +1. Run **Windows Update** and reboot before attempting to install WSL. +2. You will be prompted to give the installer **Admin** access.\ + WSL is an exception to our "no sudo" rule. +3. You must **run the installer again**, after a **Restart**.\ + WSL 2 must be installed after WSL 1. + +Since _WSL 2_ is not compatible with all system, _WSL 1_ is the _default_. ## Cheat Sheet -> This is a complete WSL installer that includes **_WSL 1_**, **_WSL 2_** -> (Hyper-V), and **_Ubuntu Linux_**. +> WSL lets you run Linux seemlessly on Windows. > -> WSL 2 is not "version 2" of WSL, but more "layer 2" WSL 1 uses a Linux syscall -> wrapper around the Windows Kernel WSL 2 uses `VirtualMachinePlatform` and -> Hyper-V to run a full Linux kernel with 100% syscall compatibility. - -After installing WSL and **Rebooting** you will be able to install Linux -variants from the Windows 10 Store: - -- [Ubuntu Linux 20.04](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9n6svws3rx71) -- [Alpine WSL](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9p804crf0395) +> The Windows Subsystem for Linux has two modes: +> +> - **_WSL 1_** - a Windows Kernel syscall wrapper (similar to WINE) +> - **_WSL 2_** - a true Linux Kernel run with Hyper-V virtualization +> +> Each mode has its +> [tradeoffs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions), +> but the main differences are that WSL 1 has better compatibility with +> inexpensive laptops and better seemless integration with the Windows file +> system and that WSL 2 can run certain low-level software (such as for +> networking and virtual file systems) that WSL 1 cannot. + +Once installed, +[Ubuntu Linux 20.04](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9n6svws3rx71) will be +available from the **Windows Start Menu**. + +You can use the `wsl` command to start Ubuntu Linux with the `wsl` command, but +only **after** clicking on it in the Windows Start Menu to add a `username` and +`password`. + +- **Username**: We recommend `app` as the username (this is a common convention) + - The `root` (admin) account always exists, no matter what username you pick +- **Password**: You can change the password at any time: + - For `app`: `wsl -u root passwd app` + - For `root`: `wsl -u root passwd` ### How to Launch Linux -To Launch the default Linux: +How to launch the default Linux: ```pwsh wsl.exe ``` -To Launch a specific Linux: +How to launch a specific Linux distribution with `-d`: ```pwsh -wsl.exe --list +wsl.exe --list --verbose wsl.exe -d Ubuntu-20.04 ``` -### How to Set or Reset Root Password +**Note**: Linux is _NOT AVAILABLE_ until you complete the installation and +create a username and password. + +### How to Set or Reset Linux Password + +To reset the `root` password: ```pwsh wsl -d Ubuntu-20.04 -u root passwd ``` -### How to Run a Single Command +To reset the `app` user's password: + +```pwsh +wsl -d Ubuntu-20.04 -u root passwd app +``` + +### How to Run a Single Linux Command Assuming you want to run `ls ~/` as the default user: @@ -94,36 +124,61 @@ Note that you _cannot_ set the mode before rebooting. See also . -### How to Install Linux with PowerShell +### How to Install WSL with PowerShell -You can download Linux from the Windows Store, or with `curl.exe` on the Command -Line: +1. Install WSL 1 + parts of WSL 2 -```pwsh -curl.exe -L -o Ubuntu_2004_x64.appx https://aka.ms/wslubuntu2004 -powershell Add-AppxPackage Ubuntu_2004_x64.appx -``` + ```pwsh + # Install WSL 1 + dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart + + # Install VirtualMachinePlatform for WSL 2 + dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart + ``` + +2. Install Ubuntu Linux -See also . + ```pwsh + # Install Ubunut Linux + curl.exe -L -o Ubuntu_2004_x64.appx https://aka.ms/wslubuntu2004 + powershell Add-AppxPackage Ubuntu_2004_x64.appx + ``` -### Raw PowerShell Install Commands +3. Reboot -This is already detailed at [webinstall.dev/wsl1](https://webinstall.dev/wsl1) -and [webinstall.dev/wsl2](https://webinstall.dev/wsl2) +4. Finish installing WSL 2 (copying the `kernel` twice for good measure) -See also + ```pwsh + # Download and Install the WSL 2 Update (contains Microsoft Linux kernel) + & curl.exe -f -o wsl_update_x64.msi "https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi" + powershell -Command "Start-Process msiexec -Wait -ArgumentList '/a ""wsl_update_x64.msi"" /quiet /qn TARGETDIR=""C:\Temp""'" + Copy-Item -Path "$env:TEMP\System32\lxss" -Destination "C:\System32" -Recurse + + # Also install the WSL 2 update with a normal full install + powershell -Command "Start-Process msiexec -Wait -ArgumentList '/i','wsl_update_x64.msi','/quiet','/qn'" + ``` + +5. Then click Ubuntu Linux in the start menu. + +See also: + +- +- . ### Errors: Feature Not Installed & Nested VMs -These errors are detailed at . +The most likely problem is that you're on a computer that does not support WSL 2 +(or the necessary VT-x options have been disabled). -Likely solution: +The simplest workaround is to switch back to WSL 1: ```pwsh wsl --set-default-version 1 wsl --set-version Ubuntu-20.04 1 ``` +See also (errors section). + ## References - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10 -- 2.25.1