1 # ipaddr.js — an IPv6 and IPv4 address manipulation library [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/whitequark/ipaddr.js.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/whitequark/ipaddr.js)
3 ipaddr.js is a small (1.9K minified and gzipped) library for manipulating
4 IP addresses in JavaScript environments. It runs on both CommonJS runtimes
5 (e.g. [nodejs]) and in a web browser.
7 ipaddr.js allows you to verify and parse string representation of an IP
8 address, match it against a CIDR range or range list, determine if it falls
9 into some reserved ranges (examples include loopback and private ranges),
10 and convert between IPv4 and IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses.
12 [nodejs]: http://nodejs.org
16 `npm install ipaddr.js`
20 `bower install ipaddr.js`
24 ipaddr.js defines one object in the global scope: `ipaddr`. In CommonJS,
25 it is exported from the module:
28 var ipaddr = require('ipaddr.js');
31 The API consists of several global methods and two classes: ipaddr.IPv6 and ipaddr.IPv4.
35 There are three global methods defined: `ipaddr.isValid`, `ipaddr.parse` and
36 `ipaddr.process`. All of them receive a string as a single parameter.
38 The `ipaddr.isValid` method returns `true` if the address is a valid IPv4 or
39 IPv6 address, and `false` otherwise. It does not throw any exceptions.
41 The `ipaddr.parse` method returns an object representing the IP address,
42 or throws an `Error` if the passed string is not a valid representation of an
45 The `ipaddr.process` method works just like the `ipaddr.parse` one, but it
46 automatically converts IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses to their IPv4 counterparts
47 before returning. It is useful when you have a Node.js instance listening
48 on an IPv6 socket, and the `net.ivp6.bindv6only` sysctl parameter (or its
49 equivalent on non-Linux OS) is set to 0. In this case, you can accept IPv4
50 connections on your IPv6-only socket, but the remote address will be mangled.
51 Use `ipaddr.process` method to automatically demangle it.
53 ### Object representation
55 Parsing methods return an object which descends from `ipaddr.IPv6` or
56 `ipaddr.IPv4`. These objects share some properties, but most of them differ.
58 #### Shared properties
60 One can determine the type of address by calling `addr.kind()`. It will return
61 either `"ipv6"` or `"ipv4"`.
63 An address can be converted back to its string representation with `addr.toString()`.
64 Note that this method:
65 * does not return the original string used to create the object (in fact, there is
66 no way of getting that string)
67 * returns a compact representation (when it is applicable)
69 A `match(range, bits)` method can be used to check if the address falls into a
71 Note that an address can be (obviously) matched only against an address of the same type.
76 var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8:1234::1");
77 var range = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8::");
79 addr.match(range, 32); // => true
82 Alternatively, `match` can also be called as `match([range, bits])`. In this way,
83 it can be used together with the `parseCIDR(string)` method, which parses an IP
84 address together with a CIDR range.
89 var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8:1234::1");
91 addr.match(ipaddr.parseCIDR("2001:db8::/32")); // => true
94 A `range()` method returns one of predefined names for several special ranges defined
95 by IP protocols. The exact names (and their respective CIDR ranges) can be looked up
96 in the source: [IPv6 ranges] and [IPv4 ranges]. Some common ones include `"unicast"`
97 (the default one) and `"reserved"`.
99 You can match against your own range list by using
100 `ipaddr.subnetMatch(address, rangeList, defaultName)` method. It can work with a mix of IPv6 or IPv4 addresses, and accepts a name-to-subnet map as the range list. For example:
104 documentationOnly: [ ipaddr.parse('2001:db8::'), 32 ],
106 [ ipaddr.parse('2001:470::'), 32 ], // he.net
107 [ ipaddr.parse('2001:5c0::'), 32 ] // freenet6
110 ipaddr.subnetMatch(ipaddr.parse('2001:470:8:66::1'), rangeList, 'unknown'); // => "tunnelProviders"
113 The addresses can be converted to their byte representation with `toByteArray()`.
114 (Actually, JavaScript mostly does not know about byte buffers. They are emulated with
115 arrays of numbers, each in range of 0..255.)
118 var bytes = ipaddr.parse('2a00:1450:8007::68').toByteArray(); // ipv6.google.com
119 bytes // => [42, 0x00, 0x14, 0x50, 0x80, 0x07, 0x00, <zeroes...>, 0x00, 0x68 ]
122 The `ipaddr.IPv4` and `ipaddr.IPv6` objects have some methods defined, too. All of them
123 have the same interface for both protocols, and are similar to global methods.
125 `ipaddr.IPvX.isValid(string)` can be used to check if the string is a valid address
126 for particular protocol, and `ipaddr.IPvX.parse(string)` is the error-throwing parser.
128 `ipaddr.IPvX.isValid(string)` uses the same format for parsing as the POSIX `inet_ntoa` function, which accepts unusual formats like `0xc0.168.1.1` or `0x10000000`. The function `ipaddr.IPv4.isValidFourPartDecimal(string)` validates the IPv4 address and also ensures that it is written in four-part decimal format.
130 [IPv6 ranges]: https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/master/src/ipaddr.coffee#L186
131 [IPv4 ranges]: https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/master/src/ipaddr.coffee#L71
135 Sometimes you will want to convert IPv6 not to a compact string representation (with
136 the `::` substitution); the `toNormalizedString()` method will return an address where
137 all zeroes are explicit.
142 var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:0db8::0001");
143 addr.toString(); // => "2001:db8::1"
144 addr.toNormalizedString(); // => "2001:db8:0:0:0:0:0:1"
147 The `isIPv4MappedAddress()` method will return `true` if this address is an IPv4-mapped
148 one, and `toIPv4Address()` will return an IPv4 object address.
150 To access the underlying binary representation of the address, use `addr.parts`.
153 var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8:10::1234:DEAD");
154 addr.parts // => [0x2001, 0xdb8, 0x10, 0, 0, 0, 0x1234, 0xdead]
157 A IPv6 zone index can be accessed via `addr.zoneId`:
160 var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8::%eth0");
161 addr.zoneId // => 'eth0'
166 `toIPv4MappedAddress()` will return a corresponding IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.
168 To access the underlying representation of the address, use `addr.octets`.
171 var addr = ipaddr.parse("192.168.1.1");
172 addr.octets // => [192, 168, 1, 1]
175 `prefixLengthFromSubnetMask()` will return a CIDR prefix length for a valid IPv4 netmask or
176 false if the netmask is not valid.
179 ipaddr.IPv4.parse('255.255.255.240').prefixLengthFromSubnetMask() == 28
180 ipaddr.IPv4.parse('255.192.164.0').prefixLengthFromSubnetMask() == null
183 `subnetMaskFromPrefixLength()` will return an IPv4 netmask for a valid CIDR prefix length.
186 ipaddr.IPv4.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(24) == "255.255.255.0"
187 ipaddr.IPv4.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(29) == "255.255.255.248"
190 `broadcastAddressFromCIDR()` will return the broadcast address for a given IPv4 interface and netmask in CIDR notation.
192 ipaddr.IPv4.broadcastAddressFromCIDR("172.0.0.1/24") == "172.0.0.255"
194 `networkAddressFromCIDR()` will return the network address for a given IPv4 interface and netmask in CIDR notation.
196 ipaddr.IPv4.networkAddressFromCIDR("172.0.0.1/24") == "172.0.0.0"
201 IPv4 and IPv6 can be converted bidirectionally to and from network byte order (MSB) byte arrays.
203 The `fromByteArray()` method will take an array and create an appropriate IPv4 or IPv6 object
204 if the input satisfies the requirements. For IPv4 it has to be an array of four 8-bit values,
205 while for IPv6 it has to be an array of sixteen 8-bit values.
209 var addr = ipaddr.fromByteArray([0x7f, 0, 0, 1]);
210 addr.toString(); // => "127.0.0.1"
216 var addr = ipaddr.fromByteArray([0x20, 1, 0xd, 0xb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])
217 addr.toString(); // => "2001:db8::1"
220 Both objects also offer a `toByteArray()` method, which returns an array in network byte order (MSB).
224 var addr = ipaddr.parse("127.0.0.1");
225 addr.toByteArray(); // => [0x7f, 0, 0, 1]
231 var addr = ipaddr.parse("2001:db8::1");
232 addr.toByteArray(); // => [0x20, 1, 0xd, 0xb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]